Global Perspectives on Public Health

photo of students in Cape Town

The summer of 2017 marked the sixth year of a study-abroad program in Cape Town, South Africa, sponsored by the Krieger School’s Public Health Studies Program. In addition to classroom study at the University of Cape Town, students work closely with nonprofit organizations in South Africa to address issues of health care delivery, research, and health promotion in an under-resourced environment. During the trip several students (pictured) took advantage of South Africa’s stunning views by climbing Lion’s Head Mountain. (Back row, from left: Payton Wall, Toby Harris, Isaac Chen; center row: Tiffany Le; front row, from left: Arjun Mathur, Jasmine Okafor, Max Morris)

By the Numbers:

  • # of students who traveled to South Africa in 2017 – 11
  • # of years this study abroad opportunity has been offered – 6
  • # of hours each student works with local nonprofit – 100
  • # of community partnerships of the program has established in South Africa – 5

Major Infatuation: Neuroscience

Editor’s note: In the print version of the magazine we indadvertently transposed Alec Stepanian and Alfred Chin’s quote. Here is the corrected version. We apologize for the error.

Neuroscience allows you to synthesize all branches of science: from analyzing the electrical properties of neurons to looking at behavioral functions. Alfred Chin ’18


Neuroscience has a profound capability to link the real and surreal, providing an understanding of the chemistry and biology that enables us to visibly and subconsciously dream, emote, and move in a manner that has exposed itself as distinctly human. Alec Stepanian ’18


1. Neuroscience is using my three-pound mass of electric jelly to understand someone else’s.
2. Neuroscience is by brains, for brains.
3. Neuroscience is trying to gain an understanding of an organ that is not only the most elaborate set of electric connections in the human body, but one that is also capable of morality. Elsa Olson ’18


Neuroscience provides the answers to the biggest questions of humanity—where did we come from (evolution and resulting patterns of neurogenesis), what is our purpose (how is fulfillment represented in the brain and what triggers it), and where are we going (how can we expand human capability with new technologies/treatments)? Within its small, fragile frame, the brain transcends time, holding each of our pasts in memory and futures in capabilities and emotions. Neuroscience provides ‘meaning’ in our lives that is not only pondered or proposed, but also rigorously proven—allowing us to explore questions of philosophy and humanity with analytical science. Leila Mashouf ’18


Faculty Awards

Joel Andreas, Associate Professor, Sociology, received a 2017 fellowship from the American Council of Learned Societies. His proposal, “Land Dispossession in Rural China and India,” was selected to the Comparative Perspectives on Chinese Culture and Society program.

Charles Bennett, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor, Alumni Centennial Professor, Physics and Astronomy, was named recipient of the 2017 Isaac Newton Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics in London in recognition of research that has had a “transformative effect in cosmology.”

Lisa DeLeonardis, Austen-Stokes Associate Professor, History of Art, is recipient of the 2017-18 Charles K. Williams II Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome for her work “A Transatlantic Response to Worlds that Shake: Jesuit Contributions to AntiSeismic Building Design in Early Modern Italy and Peru.”

Natalia Drichko, Associate Research Professor, Physics and Astronomy, is part of a group that won a $450,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to organize and run a four-year sequence of the Quantum Science Summer School meant to prepare graduate and postdoctoral students to work with a new generation of quantum technology.

Marian Feldman, Professor, History of Art, was awarded a grant from the Getty Foundation to work with a colleague in Athens on the Connecting Art Histories initiative.

Karen Fleming, Professor, Biophysics, received the 2016 Thomas E. Thompson Award from the Biophysical Society for exceptional contributions in the field of membrane structure and assembly.

Eckhart Förster, Professor, Philosophy, received the Kuno-Fischer Prize from the University of Heidelberg for his book The Twenty-Five Years of Philosophy.

Taekjip Ha, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor, Biophysics, is recipient of the 2018 Kazuhiko Kinosita Award in Single Molecule Biophysics from the Biophysical Society. The award recognizes his leadership in the development of single-molecule techniques and their application to nucleic acid processing enzymes.

Rigoberto Hernandez, Gompf Family Professor, Chemistry, is recipient of the 2017 Herty Medal from the American Chemical Society. The award recognizes him for “transforming our view of chemical dynamics in non-equilibrium environments, his creative approaches to improving diversity within the chemistry profession, and his leadership at the local and national levels of the American Chemical Society.”

Matthew Kocher, Senior Lecturer, Political Science, was given the 2017 Heinz I. Eulau Award from the American Political Science Association for the best article published in Perspectives on Politics in 2016. The article is called “Lines of Demarcation: Causation, Design-Based Inference, and Historical Research.”

Christopher Lakey, Assistant Professor, History of Art, has been named a fellow of the Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies at Villa I Tatti, Florence. His research project is Persistent Materialities: The Use of Gold Leaf in Painting, c. 1300-1600.

Barbara Landau, Dick and Lydia Todd Professor, Cognitive Science, has won a 2018 William James Fellow Award from the Association for Psychological Science. The award honors individuals for their “lifetime of significant intellectual contributions to the basic science of psychology.”

Erin Rowe, Associate Professor, History, was awarded a 2017 Summer Stipend by the National Endowment for the Humanities for her project, Devotion to African Saints in Early Modern Global Catholicism.

Lester Spence, Associate Professor, Political Science, received JHU’s Provost’s Prize for Faculty Excellence in Diversity. The award comes with a $50,000 honorarium and recognizes a full-time faculty member who has made scholarly or creative contributions related to diversity.

Seen and Heard

I suspect this parting image, seared permanently into our memories, will carry many of us through long meetings and sleepless nights until our next robotic explorer is safely on its way back to Titan.”
Sarah Hörst
Assistant Professor, Earth and Planetary Sciences
National Geographic, September 2017, about the final glimpse at Saturn and its moon, Titan, gathered from the Cassini mission.

Most people in Congress aren’t really addressing it. They seem to be more concerned with the prospects of the middle class. There shouldn’t be any conflict. The middle class has their problems and the poor have theirs, and neither one of them deserves priority over the other. It doesn’t have to be a zero-sum game.”
Robert Moffitt
Krieger-Eisenhower Professor, Economics
The Progressive, July 2017, on why politicians from both parties seem to ignore the needs of the poor.

On one level, taking down statues is a symbolic act. And just taking down the statue won’t improve the chances of folks in Detroit or Baltimore or St. Louis…dealing with Confederate statues is only part of the issue. The issue is public policy.”
Lester Spence
Associate Professor, Political Science
C-Span Washington Journal, August 2017, on the controversy surrounding the removal of Confederate statues after the violent protests in Charlottesville, Virginia.

Even before the 2016 election cycle commenced, conditions were uncharacteristically propitious for a Republican candidate who could appeal to prospective voters in the working class, especially those who had not voted in recent presidential elections but could be mobilized to vote.”
Stephen Morgan
Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Education
Sociological Science, August 2017, on why many working-class voters who were once staunch Democrats became independents, opening the door for a non-traditional Republican candidate in the 2016 presidential election.

It’s an exercise in indirect reasoning. These models let us predict where the soil moisture is going to be in a condition that will allow for breeding sites to form.”
Benjamin Zaitchik
Associate Professor, Earth and Planetary Sciences
Popular Mechanics, September 2017, on how university researchers are partnering with NASA to develop a system that uses satellite and other data to predict malaria outbreaks up to months in advance, helping health practitioners and families prevent the disease’s deadly toll.

By the Numbers: Fall 2017

 

Class of 2021

Total applicants: 26,578

Total freshman enrollment: 1,349

Mean unweighted academic GPA: 3.91

Middle 50th percentile SAT combined score: 1480-1560

Percentage male/female: 49/51

First generation college students: 10%

Students in the top 10 percent of their high school class: 93%

More Faculty Books


Displaying Time: The Many Temporalities of the Festival of India
University of Washington Press, 2017
By Rebecca Brown
History of Art
An analysis of a selection of museum shows that were part of the Festival of India, which unfolded new exhibitionary modes.


Sabbatian Heresy: Writings on Mysticism, Messianism, and the Origins of Jewish Modernity
Brandeis, 2017
Edited by Pawel Maciejko
History
Examines key writings on Sabbatianism and its legacy and afterlife in Jewish culture, memory, and religion.


The Ninth Hour: A Novel
Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017
By Alice McDermott
The Writing Seminars
Story of a widow, her daughter, and the nuns who serve their Irish-American community in Brooklyn during the 20th century.


The Oxford Handbook of Hegel
Oxford University Press, 2017
By Dean Moyar
Philosophy
Examines all of Hegel’s published works in chronological order and includes chapters on the newly edited lecture series that he conducted in the 1820s.


Spectral Sea: Mediterranean Palimpsests in European Culture
Peter Lang Publishing, 2017
Edited by Stephen Nichols
German and Romance Languages and Literatures
Explores the dynamics of cultural confrontation between Europe and the Mediterranean world from medieval to modern times.


Crumpled Paper Boat: Experiments in Ethnographic Writing
Duke University Press, 2017
Edited by Anand Pandian
Anthropology
Methodological reflections on problems of writerly heritage, craft, and responsibility in anthropology through original essays from notable writers.


French Comedy at the time of Henry III
Leo S. Olschki, 2017
Co-authored by Eugenio Refini
German and Romance Languages and Literatures
Includes annotated editions of six plays from the period 1580-1589.


The Surveyors: Poems
Knopf, 2017
By Mary Jo Salter
The Writing Seminars
A collection of poems focused on puzzlement and acceptance in the face of life’s surprises.

Tell Me About (Fall 2017)

What book has had the greatest influence on you either professionally or personally—and why?


photo of Thomas HaineThe Vinland Sagas: The Norse Discovery of America recounts the Viking exploration and colonization of Greenland 1,000 years ago. I wonder what they knew of the North Atlantic environment. I think Greenland Norse knowledge—of the ocean currents, for example—was basically right. I think they exploited it to navigate their longboats, which was their enabling technology. Despite adversity and a worldview that is primitive by modern standards, the Greenlanders made noble discoveries. When future generations reflect on our own achievement, I hope the same can be said.”

Thomas Haine
Morton K. Blaustein Chair and Professor
Earth and Planetary Sciences


photo of Ryan CalderNorbert Elias’ The Civilizing Process. I’ve always considered humans fundamentally similar across space and time. But Elias shows that human embarrassment, repugnance, and horror changed radically through history. Invited to your friend’s manor for dinner? Medieval and early-modern etiquette manuals said not to blow your nose on the tablecloth or piss on the dining-room wall. Over time, we’ve hidden and privatized bodily functions, emotions, and violence, restricting urination to the bathroom, sex to the bedroom, and fisticuffs to the boxing ring. So…why? Elias points, brilliantly, to the centralization of state power. Today, only ‘uncivilized’ individuals slug one another at dinner, yet ‘civilized’ governments drop bombs killing thousands. Sad!”

Ryan Calder
Assistant Professor
Sociology


photo of Nadia NurhusseinI was probably in junior high or high school when I came across a collection by Gwendolyn Brooks. For some reason, The Bean Eaters—describing a couple ‘who have lived their day / But keep on putting on their clothes / And putting things away’—stopped me in my tracks. I didn’t understand how she had made such a quotidian detail so evocative and sad. I didn’t understand why I responded to it, but I knew that I did, and it was one of the first steps on the path to studying poetry.”

Nadia Nurhussein
Associate Professor
English


 

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Mobtown’s Charmed History

A long parade of rugged patriots, corrupt politicos, and visionary reformers helped build Baltimore. Yet the metropolis known as “Charm City” has also been a haven for a distinguished line of artists, eccentrics, and malcontents.

Baltimore: A Political History (Johns Hopkins University Press)—written by Matthew Crenson ’63, professor emeritus of political science—provides a comprehensive look at the manifold forces that influenced and impeded city government for more than 300 years.

Crenson also possesses a keen eye—and nose—for the two-way traffic between politics and the body politic. He scrapes away charm (and myth) to expose less savory features of civic history, including the herds of pigs that roamed Baltimore’s streets to dispose of garbage before the outbreak of the Civil War, and the noxious sewage that befouled the city’s air into the 20th century.

As a professor and go-to source for political journalists, Crenson steeped himself in the city’s political history. His Neighborhood Politics (1983, Harvard University Press) was a provocative investigation into how Baltimore’s local conflicts often provide more of a spur to communal action than solidarity.

Crenson says he came to see continuities in Baltimore political life throughout history as more striking than any changes. “What I began to see is the way things stayed the same,” he says. “There are constants in Baltimore political history that just stay there, sometimes for centuries.”

One perpetual battle is the fierce tug of war between Annapolis (Maryland’s capital) and Baltimore. The General Assembly’s long history of denying Baltimore fair representation, or sufficient power to tax or police itself, often led city residents to create quasi-governmental bodies or take to the streets. This latter tactic gave rise to another name for the city that has stuck: “Mobtown.”

Baltimore leaders pursued civic improvements such as gaslight and electrified streetcars. They foresaw the rise of American railroads. Yet Baltimoreans never fully exploited these innovations, and also allowed significant health and safety issues to fester. Baltimore was the last major American city to install a sanitary sewer system.

Crenson says the “city’s political incapacity” hindered progress. “There was political division about the desirability of having swine in the streets,” he says, “and city government was not strong enough and assertive enough to resolve that. Same thing with the sewers. Building a citywide sewer system required a degree of political coherence and integration that the city was not able to achieve until after the Great Fire of 1904.”

That immense conflagration destroyed over 140 acres of the city’s center. Crenson calls it a “great unifying moment” that compelled Baltimore to confront the 20th century. But why didn’t it happen sooner? One reason was Baltimore’s lack of a political machine—such as the Tammany Hall organization built in New York City by William “Boss” Tweed—to centralize power and overcome opposition.

“We had a political machine,” says Crenson. “But it was a feeble machine. They had to make concessions to reformers.” Isaac Freeman Rasin, the key political boss of late 19th century Baltimore, even placed reformers on his candidate lists to “perfume the ticket” for voters.

Avoiding conflict was priority for municipal leaders who grappled with a Mobtown legacy of major riots triggered by politics, secession, and labor unions between 1812 and 1877.

“This weak machine found ways of dealing with points of conflict, substituting bribes and patronage,” says Crenson. “They saw what [Baltimore residents] were capable of in the way of violence, and they found ways to tiptoe around it.”

On the surface, the riots of 1968 and 2015 may appear to be a return to the city’s Mobtown roots. But Crenson says the battles that Baltimore’s black residents have waged for civil rights and long-deferred political influence weave into a much more complex narrative.

Before the Civil War, Baltimore had the highest number of free blacks of any U.S. metropolis. Jim Crow was pervasive and pernicious in Baltimore, but also less violent, in part because its political bosses often chose to suppress black votes by bribing that community’s leaders.

Crenson observes that the city’s racial politics, while fraught, has lacked the nasty edge of other American cities. He cites the 1987 election of Kurt Schmoke as Baltimore’s first black mayor as one example.

“The very fact that we elected our first black mayor without making an issue of race. That’s extraordinary. That didn’t happen anywhere else.”

Baltimore’s political triumphs and failures rest uneasily side by side over three centuries. Or is it that they are inextricably intertwined? Crenson renders his own verdict at the end of his book: “Perhaps it is possible to be Mobtown and Charm City at the same time.”

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Snapshot: From the Office of Jimmy Joe Roche

photo of Jimmy Joe Roche

I just read all the Harry Potter books and thought about how cool Hogwarts was, especially all the things in Dumbledore’s office. So I’m trying to channel the interesting, inspiring, and even weird in my own space. I’m not a Luddite, but you learn things from using older technology, and I like to take students back to when that stuff was new and cutting edge.”
Jimmy Joe Roche, Lecturer, Program in Film and Media Studies

Roche’s shelves include a 1960s era Eiki Slim Line 16mm projector, a gift from colleague Karen Yasinsky; a box of DIY special effect camera lenses; and audiocassettes he produces under his own label, Ultra Violet Light. The CD on the middle shelf contains the work of his father, visual artist Jim Roche. The hairy paw is a mysterious acquisition. Roche, an interdisciplinary artist who teaches courses in video and sound production, is at work on his first narrative film, The Skin of Man.

photo of shelves of things in Jimmy Joe Roche's office

Art Smart

One of the first decisions Peggy Fogelman ’83 made upon assuming directorship of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston in early 2016 was to allow cell phone photography in the galleries. A small move, perhaps, but one that speaks to the way that technology has affected the way we experience the world around us, says Fogelman, including the way we view and share art.

It’s a change that might have appealed to the museum’s extraordinary and unconventional namesake. “[Gardner] didn’t believe in the types of minimalist, ‘white-box’ galleries for art that are so common today,” says Fogelman. By combining various art mediums in the same space and eschewing the use of wall labels, Gardner created what Fogelman describes as “a very singular vision of how to experience art and what an aesthetic journey should be.”

The Gardner’s magnificent collection—housed in an equally magnificent building inspired by a Venetian palace—includes painting, sculpture, and textiles, as well as extensive gardens. An additional building, opened in 2012, provides further space for focused exhibitions, as well as spoken word and musical performances. “It’s very much visitor at the center, in terms of finding your own meaning and gauging your own responses to the art,” says Fogelman. “And we’re not going to say that [taking a cellphone photo] is not a legitimate way to experience art—to record it, and through that memory, share it with friends, and come to your own conclusions.”

It was a passing comment by an organic chemistry professor, Fogelman says, that may have contributed to her career in art. Like many Hopkins freshmen, she had declared a premed major, but she also supplemented her course of study with lots of humanities electives, including English and history of art. Fogelman recalls multitasking during lab and reading and writing poetry while she waited for her experiments to come to fruition. “My lab professor told me that I wrote poetry pretty well,” she says. “And of course, my experiment yields were not quite as good, so it seemed like changing majors was the right thing to do.”

Fogelman eventually chose history of art over literature, largely due to Professor Charles Dempsey, a specialist in Baroque art. “The way that he considered art in relation to literature, politics, and art theory just demonstrated how art history was a window into a whole world in terms of the contexts in which artists were working and producing,” she explains. “I just found it incredibly stimulating, and it was very inspiring in terms of my decision to switch majors.”

That switch became the catalyst for an extensive museum career, including a long stint at the J. Paul Getty Museum in California, where Fogelman worked in both the curatorial and education departments. She also served as the director of education and interpretation at the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts, and as the chairman of education at the Metropolitan Museum of Art before becoming director of collections at the Morgan Library and Museum in 2013.

With almost two years at the Gardner under her belt, Fogelman sees her mission as maintaining and building on the founder’s vision of the museum, which centers on the idea of providing an experience of beauty for a broad, diverse public. Under her helm, the museum will continue to host artists-in-residence and offer a rich roster of public events and performances, as well as build and maintain online catalogs of the collection. Fogelman is also dedicated to inviting new and returning audiences to engage with the art.

“Part of maintaining a collection as vibrant and living is doing everything we can to help people connect with it,” says Fogelman. “Art is very open to our interpretations, and it’s that process of finding our own meaning and emotion that keeps it alive.”

Pho Sure

photo of Karen Cheng

Karen Cheng ’94, co-founder of Star Anise Foods [Photo: Peter Lemieux]

photo of Karen Cheng

Karen Cheng ’94, co-founder of Star Anise Foods [Photo: Peter Lemieux]

 

How far is the distance between finance and pho? For Karen Cheng ’94, about four years and 7,500 miles.

In 2005, the Wisconsin native was a decade into a career in finance and living and working in Asia. Cheng was beginning to think about what might be the next professional direction her life would take when she met Thao Nguyen on a hiking trip in Hong Kong. The two women became fast friends, and over the next few years, brainstormed long distance about leaving their respective careers and starting a business together. In 2009, Cheng, now based in San Francisco, called Nguyen, a native of Vietnam who was living in Sydney, with the idea for making healthy pho noodles based on Nguyen’s grandparents’ recipe.

“I had always loved food,” says Cheng, who points to a working trip to Vietnam in 2007 as planting the seed for her new business.

In Saigon, Cheng walked down alleys and back streets discovering stall after stall of intoxicating food. “You would just smell as you go,” Cheng recalls. She was particularly drawn to pho, the traditional Vietnamese dish of bone broth coupled with herbs, meat, and noodles. “It was fresh, delicious, and so simple,” Cheng says, “And the combination of star anise and Saigon cinnamon was super pungent. It just permeated everything.”

The women named their new company Star Anise Foods, as a nod to one of the primary ingredients in pho. And not long after the fateful phone call, Cheng, who was six months pregnant with her first child, and Nguyen, a third generation expert pho maker, spent seven weeks in Saigon meeting with potential suppliers and perfecting their first product: Happy Pho, a do-it-yourself soup mix with no artificial flavors or preservatives that home chefs could create in their kitchen in under five minutes. Their new career as food entrepreneurs was launched.

According to Cheng, Star Anise Foods is the only company making authentic Vietnamese dishes that are gluten-free, non-GMO (food that is made from genetically modified organisms), vegan, and shelf-stable. The Northern California regional office of Whole Foods Market was the first client to pick up the product. Today, nearly a dozen retailers, such as Wegman’s, Mom’s Organic Markets, and Publix, carry Star Anise Food products, and you’ll often find Cheng doing in-store demos of the company’s growing product line which includes noodles, brown rice spring roll wrappers, and Vietnamese simmer sauces.

Starting a business—especially one based in three continents—is a risk, Cheng admits, but she believes in serendipity and taking chances. Not quite 20 years ago, Cheng and her family piled into the car and left her hometown of River Hills, Wisconsin, for an East Coast college tour. Her father missed the exit for Georgetown, got lost on the Beltway, and somehow ended up at Johns Hopkins. No one in her family knew much about the university. Cheng left Baltimore smitten. She applied to only one college—Hopkins—and early admission at that.

In 2003, Cheng, an international studies major, established a scholarship for students like her younger self: in need of financial aid, possessed of a “can do” attitude, an interest in international cultures and arts, and the desire to pursue a non-traditional career. Sounds like the recipe for another successful food entrepreneur.

Battling Eviction in Queens

Last spring, the New York Daily News ran a story about two aging Holocaust survivors living in Queens, New York, who were threatened with eviction by a “predatory” landlord seeking higher rents for their apartments. Both of the seniors had lived in the apartment building for decades, were in failing health, and had no resources to fight the evictions.

A social services agency referred them to the office of Sateesh Nori ’97, attorney-in-charge of the Queens Neighborhood Office of the Legal Aid Society, a nonprofit that provides those living at or below the poverty line with free legal representation in civil cases. Digging into court records, Nori and his team found that the landlord had made numerous errors in previously filed legal papers, and because of these mistakes, the landlord shouldn’t have been entitled to evict his tenants. The judges presiding over the disputes agreed, and the evictions, which were days away, are now on hold indefinitely.

“This [eviction scheme] was meritless and devoid of compassion and humanity,” Nori told the Daily News in a follow-up article last May. “Both our clients deserve a home and a life free of landlord harassment.”

It’s the kind of case that typifies Nori’s career. Since graduating from New York University School of Law in 2001, Nori has fought for the rights of the poor and disenfranchised while working at several legal assistance agencies in New York’s boroughs. While Legal Aid helps people with all types of civil cases, from divorce to credit card debt, Nori has long specialized in disputes involving housing and eviction. His accomplishments were noticed in 2015 by the New York Law Journal, which selected him as one of its “50 Rising Stars.”

“Neighborhoods are changing in New York, and there’s real pressure on the real estate market,” says Nori, 41. “Landlords seek to make more money by charging higher rents to new tenants. This motivates them to push out long-term and low-income tenants who are already living in these apartments. Unfortunately, there is not enough affordable housing to accommodate those in need.”

Nori, who was born in India and moved to the United States with his parents when he was a child, is the first South Asian attorney to direct a borough-wide office of a legal services organization in New York City. It’s an accomplishment that makes him feel particularly honored.

“It’s important because a large portion of Queens is made up of immigrants like me,” he says. “There are 150 languages spoken in Queens. For someone in need to see a familiar and friendly face, I think that’s important. I’m proud to be able to help.”

At Legal Aid, Nori oversees an office of 70 attorneys and paralegals. The organization receives funding from private donations as well as local and federal sources, which have been threatened by cuts proposed by the Trump administration. Trying to do more with less has been one of the biggest challenges during Nori’s managerial tenure at Legal Aid. “The hardest part of this job is to turn people away, to tell them, ‘Sorry, but we don’t have the resources to help you,’” he says. “That’s really frustrating. We need to fight to make access to justice for the poor a national priority.”

For Nori, who says he always wanted to be an attorney, the greatest satisfaction is restoring fairness to an imbalanced legal system that favors those with means. “Representing the poor is one of the more interesting and challenging areas of the law,” he says, “but it also has the bonus of having a real impact on people’s lives.”