Then and Now: Pep Band

1921 Johns Hopkins Pep Band

Then

Lore has it that a student started Johns Hopkins’ Pep Band in 1921 by gathering a group of wind instrumentalists to play at every home football and lacrosse game.

Soon enough, the band was traveling to away games too, conducted by the legendary Conrad “Gebby” Gebelein, who would continue in that role for almost 50 years before retiring in 1971.

The spirited troupe gained a reputation for bedeviling other teams with its repertoire, which includes The Muppet Show theme and the Hopkins fight song, “To Win,” traditionally played after every Blue Jay goal. The band’s tagline? “Forcing merriment and mayhem since 1921.”


2021 Johns Hopkins Pep Band

Now

The Johns Hopkins Pep Band, like the athletic and other events it supports, was sidelined by the pandemic and sat out the 2020–21 academic year. In fall 2021, the band returned for home games and events, adding sports like water polo and field hockey to its roster.

Today, the band is back to its traveling ways, rallying Blue Jay spirit both at home and away.

“Our mission is mostly just to foster more spirit on campus,” Alyssa Saunders ’23, the band’s president, told The Johns Hopkins News-Letter. “Our campus is kind of known for being more studious… but we really want to get more people involved in athletics and school spirit.”

Krieger School Alumni News Spring 2023

Alumni Kudos

Geannine L. Darby ’87, director of major gifts and clinician engagement for LifeBridge Health in Baltimore, was awarded the Career Achievement Award by the Association of Fundraising Professionals Maryland Chapter for her decades-long commitment to advancing philanthropy.

Masaaki Furusawa ’91 PhD was awarded a 2022 Algebra Prize by the Mathematical Society of Japan. Furusawa is a professor of mathematics and physics at Osaka City University.

Greg Sazima ’83 received the Gold Prize in the Mind, Body and Spirit category of the 2021 Foreword INDIES Book of the Year Awards for his book Practical Mindfulness: A Physician’s No-Nonsense Guide to Meditation for Beginners. He is a psychiatrist in northern California and senior behavioral faculty at Stanford’s family medicine residency program.

Arthur Weinman ’67 received a 2022 Merit Design Award from the Fort Worth chapter of the American Institute of Architects for his firm’s design of the Lipscomb County Courthouse restoration in December 2021.

Alumni to Watch

Janet Barnes ’14, Nursing ’20 MS, received the Diseases Attacking the Immune SYstem (DAISY) Award from Johns Hopkins Hospital, which recognizes compassionate care provided by nurses.

The co-translation of Giovanna Cristina Vivinetto’s Dolore Minimo by Gabriella Fee ’23 MFA and Writing Seminars Associate Professor Dora Malech made the longlist for the 2023 PEN Award for Poetry in Translation.

Maya Foster ’20 received a Quad Fellowship, which supports interdis­ciplinary scientific and technological innovations. She is a PhD student in biomedical engineering at Yale University, where she is developing computational methods to understand severe mental illness.

Scotty’s Vag, a short film by Chaconne Martin-Berkowicz ’17, was chosen for South by Southwest 2023. Martin-Berkowicz is a writer and director in Los Angeles.

Nathan Mudrak ’22 BS/MS was awarded a Marshall Scholarship to pursue his doctoral degree in pediatrics at the University of Oxford.

U.S. Navy Commander Finds His Place in History

In 2018, Ryan Mewett ’22 PhD sat at a wooden desk in a sea-scented room in the British city of Bristol, reading documents that looked as if they had been ignored for centuries.

As he carefully turned the brittle pages in the Bristol Archives, he came upon some that were star­tling: witness statements accusing British warships in the 1730s of participating in the African slave trade. The signed allegations were from merchants who were not concerned with the morality of capturing and enslaving people for their own profit. Rather, they were angry that the military ships were creating unfair competition.

Mewett, a U.S. Naval Commander who has served aboard nuclear submarines, knew he had found a worthy starting point for his history dissertation.

“As I worked through each new source, it gave me loose ends that would require me to go to other sources,” he says. “I kept doing that until my argument emerged, which was that, broadly, merchants had much more influence than histori­ans previously thought in the way that the Royal Navy professional­ized during the 18th century.”

Mewett, 43, defended his disser­tation in August 2022 and eight days later began a job as permanent military professor, teaching history at his alma mater, the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis. “Twenty-five years ago, I was sitting where my students are now, which is a fun thing to point out to them,” he says.

Choosing to Serve

Mewett knew from a young age he wanted to serve in the U.S. mili­tary, he says.

“My dad is Welsh and my mom is Canadian,” says Mewett, who grew up in Texas. “Maybe because I was a first-generation American, I thought a fair bit about the high-minded principles of America. I thought we had a system worth preserving, and I thought people have to do that, and that I might be OK at it.”

After graduating from the Naval Academy with a history degree in 2001, he served for 17 years as a submarine officer, while earning two master’s degrees: one in international relations from Waseda University in Tokyo in 2008, and a second in naval history from the University of Portsmouth, in England, in 2017.

He notched another accomplish­ment in those years as well, winning more than $30,000 over the course of two November 2015 episodes of the Jeopardy! television show.

By then, he wanted to put his passion for history to use by becoming a professor, a job that required a doctoral degree.

Modern Naval History

Mewett chose Johns Hopkins for his PhD in part because it requires doctoral candidates to craft an article-length paper in their first year. “They want to get you right into research,” says Mewett.

His advisors were John Marshall, Leonard and Helen R. Stulman Professor of History and a special­ist in early modern Britain; and Philip D. Morgan, an expert in early modern colonial British America, who retired in 2022.

“I felt really lucky to work with both of them, because they each brought a unique perspective,” says Mewett. “The department was a great fit, and my advisors were a great fit for what I wanted to do.”

His first-year paper, “‘To the very great prejudice of the fair trader’: Merchants and Illicit Naval Trading in the 1730s,” won the Sir Julian Corbett Prize in Modern Naval History for 2019.

His 2022 dissertation, “The End of Impunity: Illicit Trade, Mercantile Power, and the Royal Navy, c.1713– 1765,” builds on his argument that the rules of the British Navy were very much formed by outside interests with their own agendas.

Mewett, who lives in Crofton, Maryland, with his wife and their two teenaged sons, plans to continue his research while find­ing his footing as a professor.

“An element of this line of work that I really like is the detective work,” he says; “running down leads and feeling like I’m looking at something that nobody has looked at before.”

Improving America’s Archives

Have you ever used a Little Professor Calculator or played with a Furby? Congratulations! You’re a part of science history. Allison Marsh ’08 PhD, often uses popular objects to help non-academics understand the history of medicine, science, and technology. Marsh says it’s import­ant that people see themselves in how history is displayed in classes, museums, and cultural institutions.

“These objects are touchstones, conversation starters,” she says. “Commonplace, everyday objects are what make the connection between a visitor and history at large.”

Material Culture and Public History

Marsh is a public historian and associate professor at the University of South Carolina. She’s also co-di­rector of the Ann Johnson Institute for Science, Technology and Society, which works across disciplines to diversify how people study technol­ogy, health, and science.

Much of her research centers on historical objects, or “material culture.” She started working in Smithsonian museums, contributing to museum exhibits on the history of transportation and mailboxes shaped like R2D2, while finishing her PhD in the history of science, medicine, and technology. More recently, she has used artifacts to tell the story of the post-Civil War Reconstruction period for the Museum of the Reconstruction Era at the Woodrow Wilson Family Home, and the history of industrial­ization for textbooks and museums. She also brings her research directly to the public via YouTube and blogs.

“What can you say in 100 words and an image that gets people excited about the world that they live in?” she asks. That’s how she approaches her work as a consultant for the popular YouTube educational video series “Crash Course,” as well as when she writes her monthly column on science and technology history, “Past Forward,” published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Her research helps people under­stand why Charles Babbage’s differ­ence engine is important, but also why hot combs were a key entrepre­neurial avenue for Black women.

Improving Archives

These artifacts are important, but Marsh wants to keep building diverse collections. Few artifacts have historically been archived from women or people of color who worked in science, health, and tech­nology. This leaves historians to sort through materials that belonged to a spouse or colleague, piecing together a lost story. Marsh works to improve the quality of American archives by giving talks that teach people how to contribute their own objects and records to the right museums.

“What we need to do moving forward as a society is to both diver­sify the collections that are held in museums and diversify the people who work in museums as curatorial staff to make sure that all stories are being saved and collected,” she says.


What we need to do moving forward as a society is to both diver­sify the collections that are held in museums and diversify the people who work in museums as curatorial staff to make sure that all stories are being saved and collected.”

—Allison Marsh

As a professor and a scholar, Marsh hopes to teach the next gener­ation to push for diversification, but also to be engaged citizens. Many engineers and scientists, she says, think technology is what shapes society. But society shapes science and technology as well. All of us contribute to both history and inno­vation by sharing our expertise with the world, being politically engaged, and supporting public institutions like museums and libraries.

“Cultural institutions form a connection that is a thread from our past to our future,” she says. “When you interact, you are playing a small role in the fabric of our country.”

For the Glory of Sport

Andrew Chen ’93 didn’t initially plan on becoming an orthopedic surgeon, let alone one that special­izes in treating professional skiers.

But after earning his MD from Johns Hopkins in 1997, he decided to pursue a fellowship in sports medicine with Richard Steadman, one of the world’s foremost ortho­pedic surgeons at the time, and Richard Hawkins, a giant in the field of shoulder injuries, in Vail, Colorado—the unofficial skiing capital of the United States.

Many prospective and current U.S. Olympic ski team members train and undergo medical procedures at the Steadman Clinic (formerly the Steadman-Hawkins Clinic). “That’s where I got inter­ested in working with elite skiers,” says Chen, BS ’93, MA ’94 (WSE), MD ’97 (SOM), who since 2020 has been the chief medical officer for USA Nordic Sport, an organiza­tion overseeing Nordic Combined and Ski Jumping athletes.

Olympic-level Care

Chen’s fellowship gave him significant training and experience in treating common ski-related surgeries—rotator cuff problems, shoulder instability, ACL recon­struction—and introduced him to the importance of the work.

“The Olympic movement is the purest form of sport,” he says. “Olympians do it for the glory of the sport and take it to the high­est level for the knowledge that at some point in their lives, they were the best in the entire world.” The athletes’ purposes became his. In taking care of them, he wanted to help them realize their ambitions.

Chen would go on to work with many professional and Olympic skiers, as a team physician for the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association, head team physician for the U.S. Ski Jumping Team from 2008 to 2020, and as a member of the United States Olympic Committee during the Vancouver (2010), PyeongChang (2018), and Beijing (2022) Olympics.


By protecting our young athletes, their home hills, and clubs, I know that despite the fact that the vast majority will never make it to the elite level, we are promoting their safe participation and the future of Team USA for generations to come.” 

—Andrew Chen

The stakes could often be extremely high, he says, with surgeries sometimes meaning the difference between a successful Olympic career or one cut short. For Chen, it became a calling. He would give patient athletes his email and cell number, telling them to contact him anytime— even if they were competing in a different time zone that meant he was answering calls at 3 a.m.

He says he experienced a similar sense of purpose at Johns Hopkins. He initially enrolled as a dual major in biomedical engineering at the Whiting School of Engineering, and in biology at the Krieger School. But he became interested in medicine when he collaborated with Johns Hopkins orthopedic surgeon David Hungerford on developing a laser-based, quality control system for the manufacturing process of hip replace­ments. Their project was eventually purchased by a major manufacturer.

The experience kindled Chen’s interest in orthopedic surgery and gave him a taste of something else. “It was an almost existential moment where I thought, ‘I can actually have some impact on this world,’” he says.

Helping Progress Safety Standards

Chen went on to earn a master’s degree in science and engineering, then his medical degree. “Hopkins was very comprehensive. My educa­tional experience prepared me to do essentially anything in medicine that I wanted to do,” he says. “It prepared me for the rigors of my career, especially in orthopedics.”

In recent years, especially with USA Nordic, Chen says his work has evolved. During the pandemic, for example, he turned to policymaking, contributing to what organizational measures should be put in place to keep skiers healthy and safe.

“What I am most proud of is actually in progress,” Chen says. “I am leading the charge to establish nationwide medical safety standards for our ski disciplines at the club (development) level. By protecting our young athletes, their home hills, and clubs, I know that despite the fact that the vast majority will never make it to the elite level, we are promoting their safe participation and the future of Team USA for generations to come.”

Students Trace Overlooked History in Sacred Places

In a pocket of southwest Baltimore sits Mount Auburn Cemetery, one of Baltimore’s largest African American cemeteries. It was founded in 1872 by the Rev. James Peck of Sharp Street Memorial United Methodist Church, one of the city’s oldest congregations, which still owns and operates it.

Mount Auburn is also one of the sites at the heart of a community-en­gaged course, Researching the Africana Archive: Black Cemetery Stories, which is co-taught by Gabrielle Dean. Dean is William Kurrelmeyer Curator of Rare Books and Manuscripts at the Sheridan Libraries, and an adjunct professor in the Department of English and the Program in Museums and Society.

Held in alignment with classes at Morgan State and Coppin State univer­sities, the course explores the stories of Baltimore’s historic Black cemeteries within the larger context of the nation­wide movement to discover, recover, and maintain Black cemeteries. Student fieldwork and research will add to histo­rians’ knowledge about Mount Auburn as well as northeast Baltimore’s Laurel Cemetery and reveal new information about some of the people buried there.

“I’ve never really thought about looking at history through cemeteries, so it’s been really interesting learning about that. You can learn so much, match records, and try to find a person’s history and how it connects to a greater history in general,” says Sam Muzac, a sophomore studying computer science.


A class visits Mt. Auburn Cemetery
Classes from Hopkins and Morgan and Coppin state universities visit Mount Auburn Cemetery
as they explore the stories of Baltimore’s Black cemeteries.
[Photo: Will Kirk]

Maintaining History

Records document that some 56,000 people are buried at Mount Auburn, including civil rights leader Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson; Afro-American founder John Henry Murphy; Joseph Gans, the first African American lightweight boxing champion; and thousands of clergymen, teachers, doctors, veterans, and other prominent and less prominent individuals and their families. But the real number is estimated to be closer to 70,000.

Cemetery maintenance requires significant resources, and weather and overgrowth triggered erosion and other damage over the years, and waterlogged soil allowed stone markers to tip or fall, obscuring some of their identifying information. All of these issues combine to create challenges for family members and researchers trying to locate graves. But in recent years, volunteers, indi­viduals incarcerated in Maryland state prisons, and the Baltimore Washington Methodist Church began clearing the property. Today, a three-year grant pays landscapers to keep the grass mowed.

As a community-engaged course, Black Cemetery Stories aims to both learn from and contribute to a com­munity entity; in this case, helping to advance the history that volun­teers are piecing together through Mount Auburn and Laurel cemeteries. Co-instructors Jesse Bennett, Mount Auburn research coordinator and a retired educator, and Nancy Sheads, Mount Auburn independent scholar and a retired Maryland state archivist, shape the course alongside Dean.  

Black individuals, families, and communities have often been omit­ted from official historical accounts, effectively erasing them as well as their roles in shaping the present. When the stories are unearthed, Dean says, they can have a profound effect.

“The goal of reconstructing the Black past, insofar as possible, is reparative: to understand and redress wrongs, and to reimagine American history as a whole,” Dean’s syllabus states.

Joining Local Citizen Historians

Those doing the reconstructing include a recent movement of “citizen historians” who have stepped in to cor­rect and expand the historical record, especially when it comes to Black burial grounds. Serving as a humanities labo­ratory in which archival research, field­work, and critical thinking about public memory come together, the course allows students to join their ranks.

Bennett and Sheads are diligently working to log as many burial sites as possible, and the extra help from the students is hastening the process. Using hand-held Garmin GPS devices, the Hopkins and Coppin students are updating the information on the online gravesite collection Find a Grave and the Resurrecting Mount Auburn website with more accurate GPS data. They also hope to fulfill some of the photo requests on Find a Grave by uploading photos of grave markers.

“It’s very exciting to help these stories come to light in the present,” Dean says.

Krieger Faculty Awards Spring 2023

Alessandro Angelini, Assistant Professor, Anthropology, received a Hunt Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research.

Emanuele Berti, Professor, Physics and Astronomy, received the 2023 Richard A. Isaacson Award in Gravitational- Wave Science from the American Physical Society.

Xin Chen, Professor, Biology, was elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in recognition of her contributions to the field of epigenetics.

The Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials published a special issue in honor of Chia-Ling Chien, Professor, Physics and Astronomy.

François Furstenberg, Professor, History, was awarded a fellowship by the National Endowment for the Humanities.

A multi-university research team including Sarah Hörst, Associate Professor, Earth and Planetary Sciences, was awarded a Scialog fellowship by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, the Heising-Simons Foundation, the Kavli Foundation, and NASA.

Ru Chih Huang, Research Professor, Biology, was selected for membership in the National Academy of Inventors, the highest professional distinction awarded to academic inventors.

Rubens in Repeat: The Logic of the Copy in Colonial Latin America by Aaron M. Hyman, Assistant Professor, History of Art, was awarded honorable mention for the Association for Latin American Art’s Arvey Foundation Book Award and honorable mention for the Renaissance Society of America’s Phyllis Goodhart Gordan Book Prize for Best Book in Renaissance Studies.

Martha S. Jones, Professor, History, was appointed by President Biden to the Permanent Committee for the Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise, which is charged with documenting and disseminating the history of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Christian Kaiser, Associate Professor, Biology, was named a 2022 Innovation Fund investigator by the Pew Charitable Trusts.

Juliette Lecomte, Professor, Biophysics, was elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Fei Lu, Assistant Professor, Mathematics, was awarded a National Science Foundation CAREER grant for his project “Learning kernels in operators from high-dimensional data: scalable algorithms, theory, and applications.”

“Codifying Credit: Everyday Contracting and the Spread of the Civil Code in Nineteenth- Century Mexico” by Casey Marina Lurtz, Assistant Professor, History; Co-chair, Latin American, Caribbean, and Latinx Studies, was awarded the Anne Fleming Article Prize 2022 by the American Society for Legal History.

The co-translation of Giovanna Cristina Vivinetto’s Dolore Minimo by Dora Malech, Associate Professor, The Writing Seminars, and Gabriella Fee ’23 MFA made the longlist for the 2023 PEN Award for Poetry in Translation.

Sen. Barbara A. Mikulski, Homewood Professor, Political Science, was named one of six Baltimoreans who changed everything by Baltimore Magazine.

Cynthia Moss, Professor, Psychological and Brain Sciences, was named a 2023–24 Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar.

Leah Wright Rigueur, SNF Agora Institute Associate Professor of History, received The Podcast Academy’s “Best Host” award at the 2023 Ambies for “Reclaimed: The Story of Mamie Till-Mobley.”

Yiannis Sakellaridis, Professor, Mathematics, was selected as a fellow of the American Mathematical Society for his contributions to representation theory and the theory of automorphic forms.

Glenn M. Schwartz, Professor, Near Eastern Studies, received the P. E. MacAllister Field Archaeology Award from the American Schools of Overseas Research.

Lisa Siraganian, Professor, Comparative Thought and Literature, was awarded a fellowship by the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Bruce Snider, Associate Teaching Professor, The Writing Seminars, received a 2023 Literature Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts.

Christopher Sogge, Professor, Mathematics, was awarded a fellowship from the Simons Foundation to continue his work on harmonic analysis on Riemannian manifolds.

Danielle Speller, Assistant Professor, Physics and Astronomy, received a 2022 Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.

Jewish Primitivism by Samuel Spinner, Assistant Professor, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, received the Modern Language Association of America’s Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Prize for Studies in Germanic Languages and Literatures.

V. Sara Thoi, Assistant Professor, Chemistry, received the 2023 Rising Star Award from the American Chemical Society’s Women Chemists Committee for her work in energy conversion and storage.

Christy Thornton, Assistant Professor, Sociology, was named a 2023 Kluge Fellow at the Library of Congress.

Ethan Vishniac, Research Professor, Physics and Astronomy, was named a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for advancing our understanding of magnetic fields that shape the cosmos on multiple scales.

Sarah Woodson, Professor, Biophysics, was named a 2022 Innovation Fund investigator by the Pew Charitable Trusts.

Ziquan Zhuang, Associate Professor, Mathematics, received a 2023 Sloan Research Fellowship for his work on algebraic geometry.

Decoding Digital Humanities

Illustration created using Dall-E 2

The Center for Digital Humanities (CDH) was launched in 2021 to help scholars combine the powers of the human brain with the powers of compu­tation, opening up possible new areas of research, says director Tom Lippincott.

“There’s a whole space to explore of what humans can do that comput­ers can’t, and vice versa, and how they complement each other,” Lippincott says. Humans have one set of mech­anisms for insights and reasoning and inference, and computers have another. What happens, he asks, when you combine those perspectives and direct them toward questions research­ers have never imagined pursuing?

The field of digital humanities is broad and vague, says Lippincott, with different people often understand­ing it differently. For some, it means accessing, synthesizing, and analyz­ing data relevant to humanities disci­plines. For some, digital humanities is about public humanities, or making archives widely accessible—often allow­ing communities to learn about them­selves in ways not otherwise possible.

The CDH’s mission is more focused, Lippincott explains. He and four post­doctoral fellows are working with humanities faculty to understand the various ways that researchers would be interested in using computational assistance to reveal previously unde­tected relationships among enormous sets of data points. Meanwhile, they are creating an overarching system— architecture, in the lingo—that schol­ars in fields ranging from art history to classics to English will be able to use to explore their data in new ways.

Learning the ropes

Since the lean center won’t have the capacity to craft customized systems for each interested researcher, Lippincott plans instead to guide researchers to arrange their data into an outlined for­mat—a kind of sophisticated spread­sheet—that the overarching system will be able to read. Such informa­tion will help train and use tailored machine-learning models, and eventu­ally allow for cross-disciplinary insights; for example, identifying authors who also appear in historical records through political or economic activities.

A course, the first iteration of which the CDH staff taught in spring 2023, will help graduate and under­graduate students become famil­iar with the data-organizing princi­ples that lend themselves to the CDH system—skills they can then use throughout their research careers.

“This course is the primary entry point for collaboration with the CDH, while also giving a broad overview of computational methods that might generally prove useful for humanis­tic scholarship,” Lippincott says. “I’m hopeful that we’re going to be able to create a small, embedded generation of people who are able to engage with us directly, and then that will grow.”

Where AI Meets History

Recent advances in artificial intel­ligence have underscored the oppor­tunity for the kind of work Lippincott has always wanted the CDH to tackle: identifying what distinguishes a human mind from a computer, where the limitations of each lie, and what can be accomplished by mining the untapped synergies between them.

That intersection is prime terri­tory for deep interdisciplinary explo­ration, for which Hopkins is especially well suited, Lippincott says. He sees enormous potential for explicitly bridg­ing the fields through shared gradu­ate students and other initiatives.

Religion and Colonization in Mexico

When Spain colonized “New Spain”—present-day Mexico —in the 16th century, Indigenous art, architecture, history, and religion were dramatically transformed, students learned in Experiential Research Lab: “Holy” Conquest: Religion and Colonization in 16th-Century Mexico. After spending the fall semester investigating these subjects, class members visited some of the surviving Franciscan convents and Aztec temples during winter Intersession.

Here, Erin Rowe, history professor and vice dean for undergraduate education, discusses the iconographic images in the altar of a Carmelite church.

Each student researched one site during the fall semester and then presented their findings to the others onsite. They agreed that seeing the sites in person offered a completely different experience, Rowe says: “You walk around the space, you look at the objects in detail, you look at them in relationship to each other, and it gives you a much more profound understanding of how the art is working and what it looks like.”

Erin Rowe, history professor and vice dean for undergraduate education, discusses the iconographic images in the altar of a Carmelite church in Mexico.

Defending Baltimore Against Climate Change

view of Patterson Park and Baltimore city skyline
View of Patterson Park in Baltimore, Maryland [Photo: jonbilous/Adobe]

In coming years, climate change will be more and more obvious. It will include significant impacts on cities like Baltimore, and the heaviest burdens are likely to fall on underinvested com­munities and neighborhoods.

That’s because cities in general, and underinvested neighborhoods in particular, already experience more than their share of environmental challenges, including air and water quality issues, flooding, general lack of trees, and excess heat. As an industrial city with historically segregated neighborhoods, Baltimore faces particular risk.

A group of Baltimore researchers and community organizations, led by Johns Hopkins University, wants to build up Baltimore’s defenses against the impacts of climate change. The partnership, called the Baltimore Social-Environmental Collaborative, or BSEC, received a $24.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to advance under­standing of environmental conditions at the neighborhood level; integrate climate and environmental science with community discussions of investment priorities; and, ultimately, contribute to climate action plans that make environ­mental justice a priority.

“BSEC builds from the under­standing that to be just and effective, climate solutions need to be co-designed with commu­nities,” says Benjamin Zaitchik, professor in the Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and the study’s lead investigator. “This Department of Energy invest­ment gives us an opportunity to build a cutting-edge urban climate analysis system. But it’s critical that the system be meaningful, in that it sup­ports science that addresses the climate change adaptation and mitigation priorities of Baltimore and its neighbor­hoods. We can only make that happen if we work together.”

The City as an Observatory

To continually measure climate indicators, BSEC plans to develop an “urban observatory,” so tools of the research will be visible in Baltimore. For example, residents might notice sensors in stream sampling stations in the Gwynns Falls watershed. Downtown, they might see a Doppler LiDAR system, which measures characteristics of the wind and the depth of the layer of the atmosphere where people live. A sonic ranging unit on the ground near the coast will measure the impact of Chesapeake Bay breezes on the city. Tower-mounted sensors will monitor Baltimore’s land-atmosphere exchange to measure how exchanges of heat and water are influenced by the urban surface. Temperature and air-quality sensors will be spread across residential areas, providing data on how much the land surface heats, moistens, or cools the atmosphere.

At the start of the five-year project, the collaborative is focusing on measuring changes in typical community priorities, including health and safety, affordable energy, and transportation equity, along with typical government priorities, including clean water and functioning infrastructure. As communities receive data and adjust their priorities, the group will adjust what it’s measuring. This cycle will create a climate modeling system responsive to community concerns, Zaitchik says, which is a new approach.

Understanding how climate change will affect people, cities, and their infrastructure is essential in identifying and taking steps to best protect them, Zaitchik says. Ultimately, the goal is to use these models— based not just in theory but in real urban neighborhoods— to recommend appropriate actions. Examples might be an integrated strategy to reduce impacts of urban heat that includes targeted and sequenced investments in urban greening, cool surfaces, warning systems, and heat refuges; or a pathway to improved air quality that includes options to address transportation, building operations, and energy systems.

Baltimore rowhouses
Photo: Will Kirk/Johns Hopkins University

A Model For Community Collaboration

BSEC’s goal is to provide a model for community-oriented interdisciplinary urban science that can be applied in other metropolitan areas. It also aims to establish a new generation of urban climate scientists and urban modeling systems that support predictions and community planning. The team is rooted in Baltimore and has been active in research co-designed with community for decades. Its members have experience with the physics, chemistry, and ecology of the urban environment; buildings, energy, and architecture; and decision science, urban planning, sociology, and community development.

The effort’s reach is broad, and BSEC partners include researchers at Morgan State University, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Penn State University, University of Virginia, Drexel University, City University of New York, the National Renewable Energy Lab, and the Oak Ridge National Lab; and organizations including the Baltimore City Office of Sustainability and Department of Public Works, Blue Water Baltimore, Parks & People, the New Broadway East Neighborhood Association, the Old Goucher Neighborhood Association, Baltimore Gas and Electric, the NOAA Mid- Atlantic Regional Integrated Research and Assessments program, and others working across Baltimore and beyond.

BSEC is part of the Department of Energy’s Urban Integrated Field Laboratories program, which aims to study the interaction between climate and urban landscapes through field observations, data, and modeling. The program has labs in three additional U.S. locations: Chicago, central Arizona, and the Beaumont- Port Arthur region of Texas.


Benjamin Zaitchik

Up Close with Benjamin Zaitchik

Benjamin Zaitchik’s research is directed at understanding, managing, and coping with climatic and hydrologic variability. His team explores how hydroclimatic processes interact with ecological and human systems, and by developing tools for improved monitoring and prediction of regional atmospheric processes, landscape hydrology, and the climate/environment/ human systems relevant to human health, food and water security, and preservation of biodiversity. Techniques include both observation and numerical modeling. 


Seen & Heard, Laurence Ball

“What people really care about is their real wages, pensions and interest rates. Indexation is just kind of a no-brainer way to solve that problem, and that’s what they’ve done with Social Security.” 

Seen & Heard, Christy Thornton

Ultimately, more than four decades of the U.S.-led war on drugs abroad has not only failed to reduce the supply of illicit substances— it has actually made them more dangerous. A recent U.N. report found that global drug use is up 26 percent from a decade ago. Another survey by the Drug Enforcement Administration confirmed that despite decades of these source control measures, drug prices remain steady, purity and potency remain high, drugs remain widely available, and overdoses are skyrocketing.”